Yellow Phosphorus
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silicon ? phosphorus ? sulfur
N
?
P
?
As
Appearance
colorless, waxy white, yellow, scarlet, red, violet, black

waxy white (yellow cut), red, violet and black phosphorus
General properties
Name, symbol, number phosphorus, P, 15
Pronunciation /?f?sf?r?s/ FOS-f?r-?s
Element category nonmetal
Group, period, block 15, 3, p
Standard atomic weight 30.973762(2)?g·mol?1
Electron configuration [Ne] 3s2 3p3
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 5 (Image)
Physical properties
Density (near r.t.) (white) 1.823, (red) ? 2.2 – 2.34, (violet) 2.36, (black) 2.69 g·cm?3
Melting point (white) 44.2 °C, (black) 610 °C
Sublimation point (red) ? 416 – 590  °C, (violet) 620 °C
Boiling point (white) 280.5 °C
Heat of fusion (white) 0.66 kJ·mol?1
Heat of vaporization (white) 12.4 kJ·mol?1
Specific heat capacity (25 °C) (white)
23.824 J·mol?1·K?1
Vapor pressure (white)
P/Pa 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T/K 279 307 342 388 453 549
Vapor pressure (red, bp. 431 °C)
P/Pa 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T/K 455 489 529 576 635 704
Atomic properties
Oxidation states 5, 4, 3, 2[1], 1 [2], -1, -2, -3
(mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity 2.19 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more)		 1st: 1011.8 kJ·mol?1
2nd: 1907 kJ·mol?1
3rd: 2914.1 kJ·mol?1
Covalent radius 107±3 pm
Van der Waals radius 180 pm
Miscellanea
Magnetic ordering (white,red,violet,black) diamagnetic[3]
Thermal conductivity (300 K) (white) 0.236, (black) 12.1 W·m?1·K?1
Bulk modulus (white) 5, (red) 11 GPa
CAS registry number 7723-14-0
Most stable isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of phosphorus
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
31P 100% 31P is stable with 16 neutrons
32P syn 14.28 d ?? 1.709 32S
33P syn 25.3 d ?? 0.249 33S
v • d • e

* Source: Wikipedia

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